Linux 网络 虚拟化 软件 路由器 RouterOS

我係点样喺 RouterOS 用 OSPF 同 PVE 上嘅 ShellCrash 搞个无感网络

烦紧 ShellCrash 一瓜柴就搞到全屋断网？呢篇文分享一套基于 RouterOS OSPF 同 PVE 嘅高可用网络方案。除咗基本嘅 OSPF 分流配置，仲引入咗自动化嘅 DNS 切换策略同埋 Watchdog 脚本，Ensure 即使 ShellCrash 跪低咗，网络都会自动变返直连，打造真正「无感」又「稳阵」嘅网络体验。

Note
呢篇文章係基于 2026年1月29日 嘅环境写嘅，RouterOS 版本係 7.20.1，ShellCrash 版本係 1.9.4beta6，两个都係喺 PVE 上面跑嘅 KVM。如果你用紧唔同版本嘅 RouterOS 或者 ShellCrash，内容可能会有啲出入，大家自己执生啦。

简介

之前我係用 DHCP 指定 Gateway 嘅方法令网络入面嘅机用 Proxy。虽然呢招都可以做到无感 Proxy，但我无办法将呢种体验扩展到全部机度，因为 ShellCrash 有时真係会“Crash（瓜柴）”，咁就会直接搞到正常上网都受影响。我对 OSPF 呢个功能听咗好耐，所以最近跟住 DeepRouter 篇文章 喺 RouterOS 上面 Set 咗 OSPF。呢篇文主要係用来记低我嘅折腾经验，同埋分享下我点样令成个係统稳阵啲 (Robustness)。

ShellCrash 同 Bird 嘅配置

虽然将 ShellCrash 同 BIRD 放喺唔同 Instance 跑都得，但我 极度建议 放喺同一个 Instance 入面。

ShellCrash 安装过程就唔讲啦，记得喺 DNS 配置度用 MIX 模式（按 2 (功能设置) - 2 (DNS 设置)）。

Check 下 IPv4 同 IPv6 Forward 配置

Run 下 sudo sysctl -p 睇下下面几行係咪 Set 好咗：

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1

如果未，就改下 /etc/sysctl.conf。

BIRD

我哋会用 !chnroutes 来分返开国内 IP。

装完 bird 之后，记住千祈唔好即刻着咗佢 (start service)。我哋要搞掂啲配置先。

Debian 嘅话：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install bird2 make

bird.conf

Edit 下 /etc/bird/bird.conf 跟住下面咁改。

记得 Check 清楚：

  • router id 係你 ShellCrash/BIRD 嗰个 Instance 嘅 IP。
  • ospf v2 同 v3 入面嘅 interface 都要 Set 做连去 Gateway（LAN口）嗰张网卡。 你可以用 ip a 或者 ip link 来睇，揾嗰个 唔係 lo 嘅 interface 就係啦。
log syslog all;

router id 192.168.114.51; # 这里改做你 Instance 嘅 IP

protocol device {
        scan time 60;
}

protocol kernel {
        ipv4 {
              import none;
              export none;
        };
}
protocol kernel {
        ipv6 {
              import none;
              export none;
        };
}

protocol static {
        ipv4;
        include "/etc/bird/routes4.conf";
}
protocol static {
        ipv6;
        include "/etc/bird/routes6.conf";
}

protocol ospf v2 {
        ipv4 {
                export all;
        };
        area 0.0.0.0 {
                interface "ens18" { # 改做你张网卡个名
                        type pointopoint;
                };
        };
}

protocol ospf v3 {
        ipv6 {
                export all;
        };
        area 0.0.0.0 {
                interface "ens18" { # 改做你张网卡个名
                        type pointopoint;
                };
        };
}

Generate 啲 Route 出来

git clone https://github.com/ous50/nchnroutes.git
cd nchnroutes
make

如果你连 github.com 有困难，可以用 Mirror：

git clone https://hk.gh-proxy.org/https://github.com/ous50/nchnroutes.git
cd nchnroutes
make

见到下面呢啲 Output 就即係搞掂，可以继续：

python3 produce.py
sudo mv routes4.conf /etc/bird/routes4.conf
sudo mv routes6.conf /etc/bird/routes6.conf
sudo birdc configure
BIRD 2.0.12 ready.
Reading configuration from /etc/bird/bird.conf
Reconfigured

RouterOS 配置

你需要先 Set 好个旁路路由表，防止 OSPF 邻居一建立就好易 Loop 死 (infinite loop)。

Bypass ShellCrash 防止 Loop 同埋 Set 例外

我哋会整多张 Routing Table 来 Bypass 来自 ShellCrash 嘅流量，费事佢 Loop。

/routing table
add disabled=no fib name=bypass-shellcrash
/routing rule
add action=lookup-only-in-table comment="Bypass Shellcrash Gateway using Routing Mark" disabled=no routing-mark=bypass-shellcrash table=bypass-shellcrash

将你 Default Route 从 main 表搬去 bypass-shellcrash 表：

/ip route
add disabled=no distance=1 dst-address=<你个 LAN 网段带 CIDR> gateway=lan routing-table=bypass-shellcrash scope=30 suppress-hw-offload=no target-scope=10
add disabled=no distance=1 dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=<你个 Internet Gateway> routing-table=bypass-shellcrash scope=30 suppress-hw-offload=no target-scope=10

Firewall Tagging (Mangle)

记得留意：

  • 将 dst-address 改做你嘅 LAN 网段，前面的感叹号 ! 要留返喺度。
  • 将 src-mac-address 改做 ShellCrash 嗰张网卡嘅 MAC Address（可以喺 ShellCrash 入面打 ip link 睇，或者直接喺 PVE 界面睇都得）。
/ip firewall mangle
add action=mark-routing chain=prerouting comment=bypass-shellcrash-gateway dst-address=!192.168.0.0/23 new-routing-mark=bypass-shellcrash src-mac-address=11:45:14:19:19:81

OSPF Config

默认来讲，呢段 Script 你咩都唔使改。

/routing ospf instance
add disabled=no name=shellcrash
add disabled=no name=shellcrash-v6 version=3
/routing ospf area
add disabled=no instance=shellcrash name=ospf-area-v4
add disabled=no instance=shellcrash-v6 name=ospf-area-v6
/routing ospf interface-template
add area=ospf-area-v4 cost=10 disabled=no priority=32 type=ptp
add area=ospf-area-v6 cost=10 disabled=no priority=32 type=ptp

醒目 Tips (Tricks)

稳阵嘅 DNS Setting

因为 ShellCrash 用咗 fake-ip 模式，你应该将 ShellCrash 嘅 DNS Set 做上游。

喺呢个 Case 入面，我哋假设将 RouterOS 嘅 DNS 派俾 Client，跟住用下面呢段 RouterOS Script 动态 Update 上游 DNS，咁样稳阵啲，万一 ShellCrash 瓜咗都唔会搞到全屋断网。

:global ospfInstance "shellsrash"
:global ospfDNS "1.1.4.5" # 你个 ShellCrash Instance IP
:global publicDNS "223.5.5.5" # 这里改做你用来直接上网个 Public DNS

# (true / false), Test 完记得关咗 Debug 佢，如果唔係个 Log 会好鬼烦。
:local DEBUG false

# Mark 低个最终状态，Default 係 false (down)
:local isOspfActive false

# 尝试揾邻居
:local neighborIds [/routing ospf neighbor find instance=$ospfInstance]

# Check 下揾唔揾到
:if ([:len $neighborIds] > 0) do={
    # Note: 呢度我哋假设只用一个 Instance。
    # 如果你有几个 Instance，可能要 Loop 下去揾。
    :local neighborState [/routing ospf neighbor get ($neighborIds->0) state]
    
    :if ($DEBUG) do={:log info "[DEBUG] Neighbor found! State: $neighborState"}
    
    # 只有当状态係 "Full" 先当 OSPF Active。记住係 "Full" 唔係 "full"。呢个状态名喺唔同 RouterOS 版本可能有分别。
    :if ($neighborState = "Full") do={
        :set isOspfActive true
    }
} else={
    # 如果长度係 0，即係揾唔到邻居。Check 下 bird 配置/状态啦。
    :if ($DEBUG) do={:log info "[DEBUG] No OSPF neighbor found. Logic assumes DOWN."}
    :set isOspfActive false
}

# 根据 isOspfActive 呢个变量来改 DNS
:local currentDNS [/ip dns get servers]

:if ($isOspfActive) do={
    # OSPF Up 咗
    :if ($DEBUG) do={:log info "[DEBUG] Decision: OSPF is UP."}
    
    :if ($currentDNS != $ospfDNS) do={
        :log warning "OSPF Shellcrash Up: Switching to OSPF DNS ($ospfDNS)."
        /ip dns set servers=$ospfDNS
        /ip dns cache flush
    } else={
        :if ($DEBUG) do={:log info "[DEBUG] DNS is already correct (OSPF)."}
    }
} else={
    # OSPF Down 咗 (或者揾唔到邻居)
    :if ($DEBUG) do={:log info "[DEBUG] Decision: OSPF is DOWN/MISSING."}
    
    :if ($currentDNS != $publicDNS) do={
        :log warning "OSPF Shellcrash Down: Switching to Public DNS ($publicDNS)."
        /ip dns set servers=$publicDNS
        /ip dns cache flush
    } else={
        :if ($DEBUG) do={:log info "[DEBUG] DNS is already correct (Public)."}
    }
}

ShellCrash 瓜咗嗰阵自动熄 Bird

我哋会用个 bash script 主动 check 住 ShellCrash 仲係咪生勾勾 (alive)。如果 API 连唔到，佢就会停咗个 Bird Service 嚟收返啲 OSPF Route。

Copy 下面段 Code 再 Paste 入你 PVE 个 Shell 度（用 clash user 登录，或者用有 sudo 权限嘅 user）：

# 1. 整返个 Watchdog script
# Note: 我哋用 'EOF' (带引号) 来防止 Create 嗰阵啲变量被 Expand 咗。
sudo tee /home/clash/check_clash.sh > /dev/null << 'EOF'
#!/bin/bash

# Configuration
API_URL="http://127.0.0.1:9999/"
LOG_FILE="/home/clash/clash_watchdog.log"
DEBUG=false
INTERVAL=3

# Init 状态 (0=唔知, 1=正常, 2=瓜咗)
LAST_STATE=0

while true; do
    # Check ShellCrash API
    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -s -m 1 -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "$API_URL")
    
    if [ "$DEBUG" = "true" ]; then 
      echo "[DEBUG] Dashboard code: $HTTP_CODE"
    fi

    if [ "$HTTP_CODE" == "200" ]; then
        # ShellCrash 生存
        if [ "$LAST_STATE" != "1" ]; then
            DATE=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            
            # 用 systemctl 个 return code 睇下 Bird 有无跑紧 (稳阵啲)
            sudo systemctl is-active --quiet bird
            BIRD_EXIT_CODE=$?
            
            if [ $BIRD_EXIT_CODE -ne 0 ]; then
                if [ "$DEBUG" = "true" ]; then 
                   echo "ShellCrash detected. Starting Bird..."
                fi
                echo "[$DATE] ShellCrash recovered/detected. Starting Bird..." >> $LOG_FILE
                sudo systemctl start bird
            fi
            
            LAST_STATE=1
        fi
    else
        # ShellCrash 瓜咗
        if [ "$LAST_STATE" != "2" ]; then
            DATE=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            if [ "$DEBUG" = "true" ]; then 
               echo "[$DATE] Alert! ShellCrash died (Code: $HTTP_CODE). Stopping Bird!"
            fi
            echo "[$DATE] Alert! ShellCrash died (Code: $HTTP_CODE). Stopping Bird!" >> $LOG_FILE
            
            sudo systemctl stop bird
            LAST_STATE=2
        fi
    fi

    sleep $INTERVAL
done
EOF

# 2. 俾个 Execute 权限佢
sudo chmod +x /home/clash/check_clash.sh

# 3. 整返个 Systemd Service
sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/clash-watchdog.service > /dev/null << EOF
[Unit]
Description=ShellCrash Watchdog for Bird OSPF
After=network.target

[Service]
User=clash
Group=clash
ExecStart=/home/clash/check_clash.sh
Restart=always
RestartSec=3

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 4. Enable 同 Start 佢
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable --now clash-watchdog.service
sudo systemctl status clash-watchdog.service
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